Other Sources [1]

Normally, Case Law and Legislation are listed in separate sections, with these titles, directly after the main reference list.

Case law

Key elements of a Case are:
Case name in full (in italics) (Year of the judgment) Volume no. Abbreviated name of the law reports series and first page numbers.

Cases should be referenced as if in print even if viewed electronically.

In text

(Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd 1920).

Reference list

Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd (1920) 28 CLR 129.

Legislation

Legislation should be referenced as if in print, even if viewed electronically.

Act or Statute

Key elements for an Act are:
Name of the Act (in italics) Year (in plain text) Jurisdiction.

The Jurisdiction should be enclosed in parentheses, and in Australia should be one of Cth, NSW, Vic, Qld, WA, SA, Tas, ACT or NT.

Bill

Key elements for a Bill are:
Name of Bill (in plain text) Year (in plain text) House of Parliament where introduced.

In text

(Crimes Act 1900) or (Copyright Act 1968) or (Anti-terrorism Bill 2004)

You can specify particular sections of an Act if you wish, using s. for one section or ss. for several sections. For example:

(Crimes Act 1900, s. 41A) and (Copyright Act 1968, ss. 40-42)

Reference list

Anti-terrorism Bill 2004 (House of Representatives).

Copyright Act 1968 (Cth).

Crimes Act 1900 (NSW).

In text

(Muriel’s wedding 1994)

Reference list

Muriel's wedding 1994, motion picture, Roadshow Entertainment, Sydney.

The Edge of the possible 1998, video recording, Ronin Films, Canberra.

Key elements of a film or audiovisual reference are:

• title (in italics)
• year of publication or release
• format (use motion picture for films; use video recording, CD-ROM, DVD, audio casette, slide, or microform etc for other audiovisual material)
• distributor (for films) or publisher
• place of recording or publication (for audiovisual material)

Although you are likely to view most feature films (ie movies) as DVDs you should still reference feature films with the format motion picture rather than 'DVD'.

Use the name of the entrant company (that is, the company who prepared the campaign) as the author. Titles are in single quotes rather than italics because Golden Target Awards are not formally published.

In text

(ACT Government 2006) or (Creative Territory 2010) or (Weber Shandwick Australia 2009)

Reference list

ACT Government 2006, 'Live in Canberra campaign', Golden Target Award entry, unpublished.

Creative Territory 2010, '100 Days of Solar', Golden Target Award entry, unpublished.

Weber Shandwick Australia 2009, 'Bidwill Blitz Build', Golden Target Award entry, unpublished.

In text

(Fine Arts Dept 2007) or (Gaunt 1970)

Reference list

Fine Arts Dept 2007, Burghers of Calais, Boston College, viewed 3 April 2007, <http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/rodin/burghers2.jpg>

Gaunt, W. 1970, The impressionists, Thames & Hudson, London.

Yardley & Co Ltd 1928, Yardley's old English lavender soap, viewed 8 December 2010, <Ad*Access database, item: BH1950>.

Brodhead Public Library 1900?, Flickr, viewed 8 December 2010, <http://www.flickr.com/photos/whsimages/4566401462>

Normally you will be referring to an image found in a book, online, an image database or in some other format, rather than to the original work.

An image referenced from a UTS Library database is managed better by replacing the URL with the database name plus any unique item number, see the Yardley reference example above.

In your document text you should refer to the original artwork in italics followed by an in-text reference, with a page number reference if possible, to the book or website where you found the image, see in-text examples below. Your reference list should not have the original work, but rather the source you consulted which contains the image.

In text

Rodin's Burghers of Calais (Fine Arts Department 2007) is a fine example of this.
We can see this in Manet's Dejeuner sur l'Herbe (Gaunt 1970, p. 17) ...

If you have viewed the original artwork and wish to refer to it:

Reference list

Artist Year, Title, Type of Work, Museum or Gallery, City. Example:

Rodin, A. 1886, The lovers, sculpture, private collection.

In text

(Rodin 1886)

In this example, Year is the year the artwork was created. If you have no date for the work, use n.d. for 'no date') instead of the year. If you only have an approximate date, put c. for 'circa', meaning around) in front of the year: eg (Michaelangelo n.d.) and (Picasso c. 1893).

Type of Work is artwork (although you can be more specific if you wish, eg oil painting, watercolour, sculpture or photograph). City is the city where the museum or gallery is located. If in a private collection, you do not need to have a City.

More examples

Website: 

Fine Arts Dept 2007, Burghers of Calais, Boston College, viewed 3 April 2007, <http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/rodin/burghers2.jpg [2]>

Book

Gaunt, W. 1970, The impressionists, Thames & Hudson, London.

Database

Yardley & Co Ltd 1928, Yardley's old English lavender soap, viewed 8 December 2010, <Ad*Access database, item: BH1950>.

Flickr

Brodhead Public Library 1900?, Flickr, viewed 8 December 2010, <http://www.flickr.com/photos/whsimages/4566401462 [3]>

Rules

Referencing a PowerPoint slide, lecture notes or subject documents found on the web (eg UTS Online) is similar to referencing a website. So you need to include the date you viewed it, and the URL.

If you are referencing an article or book chapter contained within course material, reference it as the original hard copy article or book chapter, even if the course material is online.

Quote from a work citing another author

A PowerPoint slide or lecture notes may sometimes quote a work from another author. You can use such a quote, and note the original author of the quote in the text of your assignment, but the in-text citation should be to the author of the PowerPoint slide or lecture notes where you actually read the quote. The Book and Journal Article sections of this quide have some examples of what this might look like.

In your reference list you should have the full reference for the PowerPoint slide or lecture notes that cited the 'other' author. You don't need the 'other' author in your reference list because you did not actually use their work directly,

UTS Online

Lecture Notes

(Allen 2012)

Allen, B. 2012, ‘Things you need to know about groceries’, UTS Online Subject 95206, lecture notes, UTS, Sydney, viewed 28 March 2012, <www.online.uts.edu.au /95206/groceries/>.

Powerpoint

(Madden 2012)

Madden, X.V. 2012, ‘Lecture 6: The life cycle of a plastic bottle’, UTS Online Subject 77709, PowerPoint presentation, UTS, Sydney, viewed 22 March 2012, <www.online.uts.edu.au/77709/lecture_6/>.

Forum

(Khan 2009)

Khan, K.L. 2009, ‘My take on this whole genetic engineering debate is that monkeys deserve bionic hearing as much as we do’, UTS Online Subject 11187, forum post, UTS, Sydney, viewed 26 November 2009, <www.online.uts.edu.au/11187/forum/#879/>.

E-readings via the Library website or on UTS Online; articles from a Library Database

When you access readings such as journal articles or book chapters via the library website (eg as e-readings), UTS Online, or a Library Database, reference them as hard copy journal articles or book chapters, rather than webpages.

In class notes

Words spoken by lecturer

See Personal communication

(J. Hansford 2012, pers. comm., 19 March)

Note the lecturer’s initial inside the parentheses. You don’t need to put personal communications in your reference list.

In class handout

(Bright 2011)

Bright, A.G. 2011, ‘Week 6 Handout: Ways in which machines can feel love’, UTS Subject 11187, UTS, Sydney.

Referencing rules

Use this format for a single paper from a conference proceedings. To reference the whole conference proceedings as one work, treat it as an Edited Book instead. If an online conference paper has an equivalent printed version, reference it as if it was the print version.

In text

(Smith, Thomas & Piekarski 2008)

Note with in-text referencing, if there are four or more authors, list the first author followed by et al.

Reference list

Smith, R.T., Thomas, B.H. & Piekarski, W. 2008, 'Tech note: digital foam', IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces 2008, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 35-8.

No date

If you have no date for a reference, use n.d. (for 'no date') instead of the year. If you only have an approximate date, put c. (for 'circa', meaning around) in front of the year: eg (White n.d.) and (Beethoven c. 1813).

Unpublished paper

Sometimes a paper presented at a conference does not get published as part of the official conference proceedings. This is called an unpublished conference paper and has a slightly different format. There is no publisher, or page numbers, and the year now refers to the year the conference was held. You must now also include the conference location, and the days and month the conference was held.

In text

(Bowden & Fairley 1996)

Reference list

Bowden F.J. & Fairley, C.K. 1996, 'Endemic STDs in the Northern Territory: estimations of effective rates of partner exchange', paper presented to the Scientific Meeting of the Royal Australian College of Physicians, Darwin, 24-25 June.

Paper viewed online

If there is no printed version, or if the online version is significantly different from the printed one, or there are no page numbers then use the format below. Publisher now refers to the producer or host of the online version. You must include the date you viewed the online paper, followed by the full URL within angle brackets.

In text

(Jakubowicz 2002)

Reference list

Jakubowicz, A. 2002, 'Race vilification and communal leadership', Beyond tolerance: national conference on racism, Human Rights and Equal Opportunities Commission, Sydney, viewed 2 September 2009, <http://www.humanrights.gov.au/racial_discrimination/conferences/beyond_tolerance/speeches/jakubowicz.html>.

Referencing rules

The key elements of a conference paper reference are:

• author(s) of the paper, Year of publication of the proceedings
• title of paper ('in single quotes'), conference name (in italics)
• publisher of the proceedings (normally the organisation responsible for the conference)
• place of publication. Include the state or country if there is a chance of confusion (eg Perth, WA) or if the place is not well known.
• page numbers of the paper in the proceedings

Personal communications can take a number of forms: conversations, emails, letters, interviews and so on. Records of these are normally kept in a secure location by the researcher and, for reasons of privacy, are not normally available for consultation except under special circumstances (eg by thesis examiners). For this reason it is not normally necessary to refer to personal communications in your reference list.

In the text of your document you should specify the year and the date (day month) when the personal communication took place.

Examples of in-text references:

Jones (1989, pers. comm., 6 May) believed that this was not relevant.

This was confirmed by email (Brown 2008, pers. comm., 3 July).

In text

(Australia, House of Representatives 2000), (New South Wales, Legislative Assembly 2012)

Reference list 

Australia, House of Representatives 2000, Debates, vol. HR103, pp. 2-9.

New South Wales, Legislative Assembly 2012, Debates, 3 May, pp. 11095-11100.

Traditionally you should include the volume number of the Debates, as in the first example above, but many online versions of Hansard do not mention the volume number. In such cases it is acceptable to put the day and month of the debate instead, as in the second example above. You do not need to put the URL even if you viewed the Hansard online. Page numbers of online Hansard can be found on the pdf version.

Reports and pamphlets are often in-house publications, usually have very focused subject matter, and may be only a few pages in length. Reports often have a report number. Report and pamphlet authors are often organisations. Often, the author of a pamphlet is also its publisher.

Examples of reports would be company annual reports, heritage reports, departmental reports, research group reports, reports from library databases, and some ABS publications. Reports and pamphlets are referenced in a very similar way to books. Because many reports and pamphlets are freely available online, and sometimes hard to get hold of in print, it is common to reference the online version.

On the other hand, reports obtained through one of the library's online databases should be referenced using the print format, because their URLs are not publicly available. If there is no specified author, use the name of the database as the author.

If the place of publication is not stated, use the city where the publisher or organisational author is located (for example a pamphlet published by a state government department would be published in the state capital city). If you cannot find out where the publisher is located, leave out the place of publication.

Examples of reports and a pamphlet available in print

Also use this format for reports viewed online via library databases (see Passport, MarketLine & FinAnalysis examples).

In text

(Dept of Foreign Affairs and Trade 1999), (Law Reform Commissioner of Tasmania 1996), (University of Technology, Sydney 2009), (Passport 2013), (MarketLine 2012), (FinAnalysis 2013)

Reference list

Dept of Foreign Affairs and Trade 1999, Annual report 1998-99, DFAT, Canberra.

Law Reform Commissioner of Tasmania 1996, Report on public fundraising by charitable institutions, Report Number 75, Government Printer, Hobart.

University of Technology, Sydney 2009, UTS: Staff safety and wellbeing at work: computer comfort, pamphlet, UTS, Sydney.

Passport 2013, Snack bars in Argentina, Category briefing, Euromonitor International.

MarketLine 2012, Childrenswear in Australia, MarketLine industry profile, MarketLine.

FinAnalysis 2013, Qantas Airways Limited, Huntleys' Investment Information Pty Ltd.

Example of report and a pamphlet viewed online

If the report comes from a library database, even though it is viewed online, use the printed format above. This is because the URL is not publicly accessible. Only use the online format below when the report is publicly accessible on the internet.

In text

(Australian Bureau of Statistics 2009), (NSW Health 2011)

Reference list

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2009, Education and work, Australia, May 2009, cat. no. 6227.0, ABS, Canberra, viewed 24 November 2009, <http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/6227.0?OpenDocument>.

NSW Health 2011, Welcome to the Emergency Department, pamphlet, NSW Health, Sydney, viewed 8 August 2012, <http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/resources/hospitals/going_to_hospital/pdf/ed_brochure.pdf>.

Dictionaries and Encyclopedias are referenced like a book with no author. If in print (or if online but the same as the print) you only need an in-text reference for a dictionary reference. You don't need to put print dictionaries in your reference list.

For an online-only dictionary or encyclopedia, because you need to include information about the web address, reference like an online book with no author, and include in your reference list. The web address should be the main website address, not the address of the particular entry you looked up (see examples below). As with an online book, if the place of publication is not given you can leave it out.

If quoting from an encyclopedia, use page numbers if in print; if online use the method for quoting from an online book. You don't need to put page numbers if quoting from a dictionary (because it's obvious where the quote comes from).

In text

Paper dictionary: Macquarie dictionary defines spruik as 'to harangue or address a meeting' (Macquarie Dictionary 2012).

Online dictionary: Collins dictionary defines the action to wimple as 'to cover with or put a wimple on' (Collins Dictionary 2012).

Paper Encyclopedia: Lemons are described as 'yellowy soury things that grow on trees' (Wiseman's Encyclopedia 2010, p. 767).

Online Encyclopedia: Oranges are described as 'round tangy things that grow on trees' (Acumen Encyclopedia 2007).

Reference list

[First example does not appear in the reference list because it's a print dictionary].

Collins Dictionary 2012, HarperCollins, London, viewed 15 November 2012, <http://www.collinsdictionary.com/>.

Wiseman's Encyclopedia 2010, 2nd edn, Wiseman Publishing, Captain's Flat, NSW.

Acumen Encyclopedia 2007, Acumen Publishing, viewed 15 November 2012, <http://www.acumenencyc.com/>.

In text

(Babayan 1993), (Kirk 2002)

Reference list

Babayan, K. 1993, 'The waning of the Qizilbash: the spiritual and temporal in seventeenth century Iran', PhD thesis, Princeton University, NJ.

Kirk, J. 2002, 'Theorising information use: managers and their work', PhD thesis, University of Technology, Sydney.

Example of an online thesis:

If you accessed the thesis online, if you wish you can add in the date you viewed it and the full URL:

Nassif, N.M. 1984, 'Theoretical aspects of the continuously varying schedule process for timber drying', M Eng. thesis, University of Technology, Sydney, viewed 23 November 2009, <http://hdl.handle.net/2100/263>.

Key elements of a thesis reference are:

• the author of the thesis
• year of publication
• title of the thesis ('in single quotes')
• type of thesis (eg PhD, MSc)
• university where the thesis was undertaken
• the city where the university is located. If the university name includes the city name (eg University of Technology, Sydney), you do not need to list the city separately. Include the state or country if there is a chance of confusion (eg University of Newcastle, NSW) or if the city is not well known.

In text

(Canberra firestorm 2003), (PM 2004)

Reference list

Canberra firestorm 2003, television program, Catalyst, ABC TV, Sydney, 3 March.

PM 2004, radio program, ABC Radio 702AM, Sydney, 2 June.

Key elements of a television or radio broadcast are:

• title of the broadcast (in italics)
• year of broadcast
• format (use television program or radio program)
• series title (if appropriate)
• television or radio station name
• location of the station
• broadcast date (day month)

In text

(Cookson 1985), (Standards Australia 2008)

Reference List

Cookson, A.H. 1985, Particle trap for compressed gas insulation transmission systems, US Patent 4554399.

Standards Australia 2008, Personal floatation devices - general requirements, AS 4658.1-2008, Standards Australia, Sydney.